W без double что значит

W без double что значит

W, w (лат. «дубль вэ», англ. «дабл ю») — 23-я буква базового латинского алфавита. Последняя добавленная в латиницу буква. Самая, в общем-то, бесполезная и никому в очко не нужная псевдобуква латиницы.

Содержание

Preamble [ править ]

В классической латыни буквы W не существовало, при этом также не различались U и V.

Criticism [ править ]

Многим умным людям крайне не нравится бесполезная и ненужная буква «W», произошедшая от диграфа (составной письменный знак) VV. В связи с этим на неё постоянно льётся тонны конструктивной критики.

History, origin [ править ]

В новое время, около XVI века, только в северной Европе стал считаться отдельной буквой диграф VV, возникший в XI веке и использующийся в письме германских лангов. С добавлением «W» латинский алфавит достиг своего окончательного состава из 26 букв: Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz. То есть буква «W» появилась в классической латинице самой последней.

Opinions [ править ]

Многие эксперты считают, что это совершенно ненужная и даже вредная буква. Это даже и не буква вовсе, а диграф от VV. Эта буква в латинский алфавит не вносит абсолютно ничего. Она просто повторяет функционал замечательной буквы «V», от которой и произошла. Спросите у любого: «Зачем нужна буква „W“?» Никто не сможет дать вразумительный ответ! Оно и понятно, ведь от «W» толку ноль, ведь есть прекрасная «V». Какие-то конченные необразованные люди решили создать букву «W» из слияния двух «V» и теперь эта хрень компостирует всем мозг.

У буквы «W» почти нет защитников и стронников, так как все здравомыслящие люди прекрасно понимают, что эта буква нужна латинскому алфавиту, как собаке пятая нога. Буква «W» совершенно нелепо занимает лишнее место в алфавите, незаслуженно ест свой хлеб и вообще отнимает работу у буквы «V», которая появилась гораздо раньше.

What Does The Letter “U” Have To Do With “W”?

The 23rd letter of the English alphabet is a bit of a wonder. The humble W is the only letter of the alphabet with a three-syllable name. It is also one of three letters (H, W, and Y) with a name that does not indicate its phonetic use. The complications of W are twofold because of its name, double-u, and its shape, double V.

What sound does W represent?

OK, we’re going to get a little technical—and very phonological—here. In English, the letter W represents a sound that is a voiced bilabial-velar glide. To make the W sound, you have to round both lips (bilabial) and raise the back of the tongue (velar). Voiced means the vocal cords vibrate while making a sound, and a glide is a speech sound that has characteristics of both a vowel and consonant.

But, in other languages, the letter W makes different sounds. In German, a W is pronounced like an English V. In Welsh, W is a vowel, making a U-type sound found in such loanwords as cwm.

If you enjoy this history, you’ll love to meet two extinct letters of the alphabet.

What does the letter U have to do with it?

The English alphabet, if you want to sing along with us, has 26 letters. Added just ahead of J and V, W was the 24th to join this tuneful set. Now, the English alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet, which did not have this trio of J, V, and W. J came from I, and V and W, from U.

In Latin, U represented a W sound, which could only occur before a vowel. Consider equus, “horse,” pronounced like [ ek-woos ]. You see that literal double U, that UU, and how it is associated with our W sound?

While the W disappeared from much of Latin pronunciation as it evolved into the Romance languages, one influential variety of French, Norman French, did have a W sound, especially as a result of the Germanic words that flooded the language from Viking incursions into northern France. And Germanic languages love a W. So, Norman French used a double U to represent W sounds in words.

(This history explains pairs like warranty/guarantee, but we’ll save that story for a different time.)

Meanwhile in Anglo-Saxon England … Old English used the Latin alphabet, but with some twists, including a letter wynn. It was a character (ƿ) representing the sound (w) in Old English and early Middle English manuscripts, based on a rune with the same phonetic value.

But why is W so V-shaped?

The printing press came to English in 1476, and it used a single double-U block, helping cement W as its own letter by the early 1500s. As the printing press evolved, so did the shape of the letters.

But then a double-V shape came into favor (in part because of ancient Roman inscriptions), yielding VV for W, and over time, those VV‘s became written as a one, continuous shape.

L and W

PROTIP: Press ‘i’ to view the image gallery, ‘v’ to view the video gallery, or ‘r’ to view a random entry.

About

L and W are slang terms standing for «Loss» and «Win.» Online, they’re used by commenters to point out whether they think something is bad or good for the subject of their comment. «L» in particular has been used to gloat over others; commonly, when someone is owned online, commenters will say they should «Take the L,» meaning accept their defeat and move on.

Origin

«W» and «L» are terms used in sports to describe a team’s wins and losses. It is unclear when they began seeing use as slang terms. The Ringer [1] linked to the 1998 song «Twinz» by Big Pun and Fat Joe as an example of early usage of «L» as a slang term (shown below). Big Pun says in the song, «It’ll be a cold day in hell the day I take an L.»

On August 25th, 2003, Urban Dictionary user Cazort uploaded a definition for the phrase «Take the L,» defining it as «Stands for «Take the loss». Frequently used to describe flunking a test, being dumped, being stood up, being beaten up or robbed, or losing one’s money in the stock market, gambling, or through exploitative business schemes.» [2]

Spread

The phrase began seeing more use in the mid-2010s, particularly in sports and rap communities. On December 20th, 2015, Twitter user @J_no24 posted a photoshop of Odell Beckham Jr. catching an «L,» gaining over 58,000 retweets (shown below, left). On February 21st, 2016, a Redditor asked the question «Who is Meek Mills, what are »L’s», and why is he taking so many of them?» [3] In February of 2018, Fortnite introduced an emote of a dance called «Take That L» (shown below, right).

After «L» became a popular way to denote a negative situation, others began using «W» to comment on positive situations, or a Win. For example, on May 22nd, 2019, a Redditor pointed out that Tyler the Creator’s Mugshot ended up in their yearbook, to which much of the thread replied «W» (shown below, left). On September 7th, 2019, Urban Dictionary user Kadukununu posted a definition for «W,» writing «W can be used for anything positive.» [4]

The letter "w" — double U or double V?

Oh, I really should read thoroughly the links I quote, even when I think I know what is standing there.

Well, in Latin monumental script V and U were identical — they were both written V; and in cursive (minuscel) scripts they were both written U.
And only context told you if the letter should be read as U or V.
I don’t know exactly the point when both letters were written as distinct letters consistently (here Linnets and Outsider discuss that it must have happened sometime between the 16th and the 19th century), but that’s not the point here anyway.

So it is no mystery as for why both names exist — both double V and double U refer to the Latin letter.
The only thing which we don’t know yet, and I’m sorry I can’t be of help here, is why one language uses one variety while the other one uses the other. I can only guess that this is due to some arbitrary fact of the history of either language.

Wilma_Sweden

Senior Member

• 19 Апр 2009

• #5

In English, the letter w arose out of the need for a letter representing the phoneme /w/, and at first, it was represented as uu. In Old English, for a while, it was replaced by the runic letter ‘wynn’, then uu came back and was finally replaced by w.

In Swedish, the letter was introduced after it had been formalised as a double V, but only as a variant of single v, and in borrowed words. The phoneme /w/ doesn’t exist in Swedish, but we use it for English loan words.

Perhaps the German encyclopedias have some explanation about the German history of W, but I’ll leave that research to the German speakers.

In Spanish, the phoneme doesn’t exist, and in borrowed words, like whisky, the spelling is often changed to suit Spanish spelling rules: güisqui

Hakro

Senior Member

• 19 Апр 2009

• #6

Which are the other languages, except English, where "W" is said as "double u"?

Waterdash

Senior Member

• 19 Апр 2009

• #7

Hakro

Senior Member

• 19 Апр 2009

• #8

Wilma_Sweden

Senior Member

• 20 Апр 2009

• #9

Yes and no: the letter itself is mainly used for English loan words, but they call it double v (uve doble/doble uve/ve doble/doble ve), and in some parts of Latin America, double u (doble u) because of English influence.

berndf

Moderator

• 20 Апр 2009

• #10

Fred_C

Senior Member

• 20 Апр 2009

• #11

ManPaisa

Banned

• 20 Апр 2009

• #12

sokol

Senior Member

• 20 Апр 2009

• #13

Well, in German "W" also was written "uu" or "u" in old texts; the pronunciation of "W" (which originally — supposedly — was the same as in English) changed to [v] (or rather a labiodental approximant in my opinion, or at least for Austrian pronunciation — and I was quite surprised to find the "approximant theory" mentioned in German Wikipedia ).

But the letter itself isn’t called either "double U" or "double V", in German the letter just is called "WE" (as opposed to "FAU" = "V").

Hakro

Senior Member

• 20 Апр 2009

• #14

Hey guys, please don’t think I’m an idiot!

effeundici

Senior Member

• 20 Апр 2009

• #15

stultus

New Member

• 24 Апр 2009

• #16

Just to summarise (maybe mostly for me ):
The original Latin alphabet was derived from the strong regional alphabet which came before it: Greek, which in turn borrowed from the Phoenician alphabet (which is also used more or less by Aramaic and Hebrew). The Phoenician alphabet is an Abjad alphabet and doesn’t contain vowels proper. Certain letters can function as either consonant or vowel, depending on context — these are known in Hebrew as the Ehevi (אהוי) letters.

Of these four letters, two, whose sounds didn’t really help the latter languages became only vowels. Aleph became alpha became "A" (א-> Α/α -> A). Hey became Epsilon became "A" (ה -> Ε/ε -> E).

The other two, while for Greek became mostly vowels (acting as "consonants" in diphthongs, yes), remained in their context-sensitive abjad form also in Latin:
Waw/Vav became Upsilon became "V" (ו -> Υ/υ -> v)
Yod became Iota became "I" (י -> Ι/ι -> I)
For example, our friend Julius:
CA I US I UL I US CA I I F I L I US CA I I NEPOS CAESAR I MPERATOR ( vowel / consonant )

Where does all this lead us, exactly?
Only in the Middle Ages did a distinguation between the the vowel and consonant application of "v" and "i" arise visually in the orthography, so that "u" was introduced to act as vowel while "v" maintained its part as a consonant, and "j" was introduced as the consonant counterpart to "i" (notice that the two pairs are adjacent in the alphabet).

And so, since historically "u" and "v" are the same letter but with different (minute) visual representation, it is possible to understand why the letter "w", itself a later "invention", can be named in different ways.